Convert all TIFs in a directory to JPEGs
mogrify -format jpg -quality 50 *.tiff
http://linuxuser32.wordpress.com/2007/06/16/batch-image-convert-scale-thumbnail-jpegs-pdf/
Saturday, November 19, 2011
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Python: lxml insert element before and after given element
Based on: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7474972/python-lxml-append-element-after-another-element
from lxml import etree
xml = etree.parse('old_xml.xml')
count = 1
for pp in xml.xpath('/response/items/item'):
prod_id = etree.Element('new_element') # this element will be inserted
prod_id.text = "%s" % count
nav = pp.find('name') # we will insert before/after this element
div = nav.getparent()
pp.insert(pp.index(nav), prod_id) # insert before 'name'
pp.insert(pp.index(nav) + 1, prod_id) # insert after 'name'
count += 1
out = open('new_xml.xml','w')
out.write(etree.tostring(xml, pretty_print=True))
out.close()
Python: Detect Charset and convert to Unicode
Converting data to Unicode via chardet
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2686709/encoding-in-python-with-lxml-complex-solution
import chardet
from lxml import html
f = open('my.xml')
content = f.read()
f.close()
encoding = chardet.detect(content)['encoding']
if encoding != 'utf-8':
content = content.decode(encoding, 'replace').encode('utf-8')
Converting Data to Unicode via UnicodeDammit
http://lxml.de/elementsoup.htmlfrom BeautifulSoup import UnicodeDammit
converted = UnicodeDammit(content)
if not converted.unicode:
raise UnicodeDecodeError(
"Failed to detect encoding, tried [%s]",
', '.join(converted.triedEncodings))
# print converted.originalEncoding
return converted.unicode
Credit goes to Ian Bicking and others on the lxml team
Tuesday, November 08, 2011
Using lxml xpath to get elements with a default namespace
xml_string="""
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<b>
<r>
<Value>string</Value>
<r>
<Value>string</Value>
</r>
<r>
<Value>string</Value>
</r>
</b>
<e>
<string>string1</string>
<string>string2</string>
</e>
</a>
"""
from lxml import etree
xml = etree.fromstring(xml_string)
xml.xpath('/w3:a/w3:b/w3:r/w3:Value/text()', namespaces={'w3':'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'})Thursday, September 22, 2011
SQLAlchemy Notes
Summarized From
http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/core/tutorial.html
This covers the basics of the Non-orm usage of SQLAlchemy
# Define connection engine
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=True)
# Create some database tables
from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, Integer, String, MetaData, ForeignKey
metadata = MetaData()
users = Table('users', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('name', String),
Column('fullname', String),
)
addresses = Table('addresses', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('user_id', None, ForeignKey('users.id')),
Column('email_address', String, nullable=False)
)
metadata.create_all(engine)
# Insert into the tables
ins = users.insert()
ins.values(name='jack', fullname='Jack the Pumpkin king')
conn = engine.connect()
result = conn.execute(ins)
result.inserted_primary_key
# Multiple insert into the tables
conn.execute(addresses.insert(), [
{'user_id': 1, 'email_address' : 'jack@yahoo.com'},
{'user_id': 1, 'email_address' : 'jack@msn.com'},
{'user_id': 2, 'email_address' : 'www@www.org'},
{'user_id': 2, 'email_address' : 'wendy@aol.com'},
])
result = engine.execute(users.insert(), name='fred', fullname="Fred Flintstone")
# Select from the tables
from sqlalchemy.sql import select
# Select all fields in user table
s = select([users])
result = conn.execute(s)
list(result)
# Select name and fullname columns from user table
s = select([users.c.name, users.c.fullname])
# Join two user and address tables
# Cartesian product
list(conn.execute(select([users, addresses])))
# Join on id columns
list(conn.execute(select([users, addresses], users.c.id==addresses.c.user_id)))
# create conditions for the where clause
from sqlalchemy.sql import and_, or_, not_
print and_(users.c.name.like('j%'), users.c.id==addresses.c.user_id, )
s = select([(users.c.fullname + "--" + addresses.c.email_address).label('title')])
print conn.execute(s).fetchall()
print users.join(addresses)
print users.join(addresses, addresses.c.email_address.like(users.c.name + '%'))
s = select([users.c.fullname], from_obj=[
users.join(addresses, addresses.c.email_address.like(users.c.name + '%'))
])
print conn.execute(s).fetchall()
# Delete records based on a condition
conn.execute(users.delete().where(users.c.name > 'm'))
http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/core/tutorial.html
This covers the basics of the Non-orm usage of SQLAlchemy
# Define connection engine
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=True)
# Create some database tables
from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, Integer, String, MetaData, ForeignKey
metadata = MetaData()
users = Table('users', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('name', String),
Column('fullname', String),
)
addresses = Table('addresses', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('user_id', None, ForeignKey('users.id')),
Column('email_address', String, nullable=False)
)
metadata.create_all(engine)
# Insert into the tables
ins = users.insert()
ins.values(name='jack', fullname='Jack the Pumpkin king')
conn = engine.connect()
result = conn.execute(ins)
result.inserted_primary_key
# Multiple insert into the tables
conn.execute(addresses.insert(), [
{'user_id': 1, 'email_address' : 'jack@yahoo.com'},
{'user_id': 1, 'email_address' : 'jack@msn.com'},
{'user_id': 2, 'email_address' : 'www@www.org'},
{'user_id': 2, 'email_address' : 'wendy@aol.com'},
])
result = engine.execute(users.insert(), name='fred', fullname="Fred Flintstone")
# Select from the tables
from sqlalchemy.sql import select
# Select all fields in user table
s = select([users])
result = conn.execute(s)
list(result)
# Select name and fullname columns from user table
s = select([users.c.name, users.c.fullname])
# Join two user and address tables
# Cartesian product
list(conn.execute(select([users, addresses])))
# Join on id columns
list(conn.execute(select([users, addresses], users.c.id==addresses.c.user_id)))
# create conditions for the where clause
from sqlalchemy.sql import and_, or_, not_
print and_(users.c.name.like('j%'), users.c.id==addresses.c.user_id, )
s = select([(users.c.fullname + "--" + addresses.c.email_address).label('title')])
print conn.execute(s).fetchall()
print users.join(addresses)
print users.join(addresses, addresses.c.email_address.like(users.c.name + '%'))
s = select([users.c.fullname], from_obj=[
users.join(addresses, addresses.c.email_address.like(users.c.name + '%'))
])
print conn.execute(s).fetchall()
# Delete records based on a condition
conn.execute(users.delete().where(users.c.name > 'm'))
Thursday, September 01, 2011
Django: Quickly testing an authenticated ajax
Make a authenticated post with the django test client and mark simulate an ajax post:
from django.test import Client
c = Client()
c.login(username='jjasinski', password='xxxx')
print c.post('/user/posts/1/',{},HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH='XMLHttpRequest')
Wednesday, August 10, 2011
Self-signed SSL Certificate
Generate self-signed certificate
# Generate Encrypted RSA Private Key with passphrase
openssl genrsa -des3 -out myssl.key 2048
# Generate Unencrypted RSA Private Key
openssl genrsa -out myssl.key 2048
# Generate Encrypted RSA Private Key with passphrase
openssl genrsa -des3 -out myssl.key 2048
# Generate Unencrypted RSA Private Key
openssl genrsa -out myssl.key 2048
# Remove Passphrase from key
mv myssl.key myssl.key.org
openssl rsa -in myssl.key.org -out myssl.key
openssl rsa -in myssl.key.org -out myssl.key
# Generate Certificate Signing Request with an existing Private Key
openssl req -sha256 -new -key myssl.key -out myssl.csr
# Create SSL certificate
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in myssl.csr -signkey myssl.key -out myssl.crt
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in myssl.csr -signkey myssl.key -out myssl.crt
Generating a key and csr in one command
# for providing to your certificate provider
openssl req -sha256 -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout yourdomain.key -out yourdomain.csr
req = create PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request
-sha256 = adds support for SHA-2
Decode PEM encoded SSL certificate meta information
openssl x509 -in certificate.crt -text -noout
OR
openssl x509 -noout -text -modulus -in https://example.com.crt
Decode DER encoded SSL certificate meta information
openssl x509 -in certificate.crt -inform der -text -noout
Decode SSL key meta information
openssl rsa -noout -text -modulus -in https://example.com.key
Convert PEM encoded SSL certificate to DER encoded:
openssl x509 -in certificate.crt -outform der -out certificate.der
Convert DER encoded SSL certificate to PEM encoded:
openssl x509 -in certfile.crt -inform der -outform pem -out certificate.pem
Note: in the meta info, the Modulus should be the same for the key and cert.
Sources
http://articles.slicehost.com/2007/12/19/ubuntu-gutsy-self-signed-ssl-certificates-and-nginx
http://support.godaddy.com/help/article/3601/generating-a-certificate-signing-request-nginx
http://www.sslshopper.com/certificate-decoder.html
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/openssl-essentials-working-with-ssl-certificates-private-keys-and-csrs
https://support.ssl.com/Knowledgebase/Article/View/19/0/der-vs-crt-vs-cer-vs-pem-certificates-and-how-to-convert-them
req = create PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request
-sha256 = adds support for SHA-2
Decode PEM encoded SSL certificate meta information
openssl x509 -in certificate.crt -text -noout
OR
openssl x509 -noout -text -modulus -in https://example.com.crt
Decode DER encoded SSL certificate meta information
openssl x509 -in certificate.crt -inform der -text -noout
Decode SSL key meta information
openssl rsa -noout -text -modulus -in https://example.com.key
Convert PEM encoded SSL certificate to DER encoded:
openssl x509 -in certificate.crt -outform der -out certificate.der
Convert DER encoded SSL certificate to PEM encoded:
openssl x509 -in certfile.crt -inform der -outform pem -out certificate.pem
Note: in the meta info, the Modulus should be the same for the key and cert.
Sources
http://articles.slicehost.com/2007/12/19/ubuntu-gutsy-self-signed-ssl-certificates-and-nginx
http://support.godaddy.com/help/article/3601/generating-a-certificate-signing-request-nginx
http://www.sslshopper.com/certificate-decoder.html
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/openssl-essentials-working-with-ssl-certificates-private-keys-and-csrs
https://support.ssl.com/Knowledgebase/Article/View/19/0/der-vs-crt-vs-cer-vs-pem-certificates-and-how-to-convert-them
Friday, July 01, 2011
Using Rsync to copy file Structure
Simple rsync copy on local filesystem:
rsync -r -t -v -l source/ dest
rsync over ssh:
rsync -r -t -v -l username@source.com:/path/to/src/ /path/to/dest
rsync copy shortcut to archive:
rsync -avz username@source.com:/path/to/src/ /path/to/dest
rsync -avz --progress username@source.com:/path/to/src/ /path/to/dest
rsync copy archive without caring about owner and group:
rsync -rlptD username@source.com:/path/to/src/ /path/to/dest
rsync -a --no-o --no-g username@source.com:/path/to/src/ /path/to/dest
Common Flags:
-a = archive copy. Equivalent to flags -rlptgoD
-r = recursive copy
-t = save timestamp
-v = verbose copy
-vv = more verbose
-u = don't copy over existing files newer than source
-l = preserve symlinks
-p = preserve premissions
-g = preserve group
-o = preserve owner
-D = preserve devices (superuser only)
-z = compress transfer
--progress = show copy progress
--delete = delete stuff on the receiving side that doesn't exist on the sending side
http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-use-rsync-transfer-mirror-files-directories.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rsync
http://serverfault.com/questions/364709/how-to-keep-rsync-from-chowning-transfered-files
rsync -r -t -v -l source/ dest
rsync over ssh:
rsync -r -t -v -l username@source.com:/path/to/src/ /path/to/dest
rsync copy shortcut to archive:
rsync -avz username@source.com:/path/to/src/ /path/to/dest
rsync -avz --progress username@source.com:/path/to/src/ /path/to/dest
rsync copy archive without caring about owner and group:
rsync -rlptD username@source.com:/path/to/src/ /path/to/dest
rsync -a --no-o --no-g username@source.com:/path/to/src/ /path/to/dest
Common Flags:
-a = archive copy. Equivalent to flags -rlptgoD
-r = recursive copy
-t = save timestamp
-v = verbose copy
-vv = more verbose
-u = don't copy over existing files newer than source
-l = preserve symlinks
-p = preserve premissions
-g = preserve group
-o = preserve owner
-D = preserve devices (superuser only)
-z = compress transfer
--progress = show copy progress
--delete = delete stuff on the receiving side that doesn't exist on the sending side
http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-use-rsync-transfer-mirror-files-directories.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rsync
http://serverfault.com/questions/364709/how-to-keep-rsync-from-chowning-transfered-files
Thursday, June 02, 2011
Git INFO Common Commands
Configure Git client options:
# show config options
git config --list # show all
git config --global --list # show only global
git config --local --list # show only local
# --global option impacts options at a global level
# --local option impacts options at a local level (.git/config)
# set username/email associated with client
git config --global user.email "joe@example.com"
git config --global user.name "Joe Jaz"
# add color syntax highlighting
git config --global color.status auto
git config --global color.branch auto
# set default pager and editor
git config --global core.editor vim # or set the GIT_EDITOR environment variable
git config --global core.pager less # or set the GIT_PAGER environment variable
# display an option value
git config group.value
git config user.name
Start a new repository and import:
# In the root folder to add to version control:
git init
git init --bare # creates a new repository (with no working copy)
git add . # add everything in directory to repo
git commit -m 'initial commit'
Making commits:
# commit specific files
git commit file1 file2 -m 'comment'
# commit all 'added' files
git commit -a -m 'comment'
# change a commit message
git commit --amend -m 'New Message'
Create new repository by cloning existing one:
git clone --bare . path_or_url_to_git_dir.git
Setting the remote repository (to push and pull from):
git remote add short_name path_or_url_to_git_dir.git
git remote add origin git://github.com/imagescape/iscape-authlog.git
Show remote repositories available:
git remote
git remote -v # show the url
git remote show origin # show detail information about origin
Remove a remote repository:
git remove repo_name
Rename a remote repository:
git rename old_repo_name new_repo_name
Push and Pull from remote repository:
git push origin # push recent commits to remote repository called "origin"
git pull origin # pull updates from origin
Revert changes in working copy:
git clean -n
git clean --dry-run
Show file differences:
git diff # show differences between working copy and any files staged for commit
git diff --staged # compares staged changes with last commit
git diff --cached # same as above for git older than 1.6.1
git difftool -t [meld|kdiff3|vimdiff|etc.] [diff criteria]
git difftool -t meld --staged
git difftool --tool=meld --staged
git difftool origin/master --dir-diff # use difftool to diff entire dir tree
git diff -U999999999 master.. -- file.txt # shows the full file.txt, with diff markup, in the master/branch diff results
git diff --name-status brancha..branchb # shows list of changed files
Show File/s History:
git log filename # Show single file versions
# Show number of lines changed in file/s
git log -stat filename # single file
git log -stat # multiple files
# show log summaries on one line
git log --pretty=oneline # Pre-defined format
git log --pretty=format:"%h - %cD (%an) %s" # custom format (see below)
git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" --graph
git log --graph --full-history --all --color \
# show config options
git config --list # show all
git config --global --list # show only global
git config --local --list # show only local
# --global option impacts options at a global level
# --local option impacts options at a local level (.git/config)
# set username/email associated with client
git config --global user.email "joe@example.com"
git config --global user.name "Joe Jaz"
# add color syntax highlighting
git config --global color.status auto
git config --global color.branch auto
# set default pager and editor
git config --global core.editor vim # or set the GIT_EDITOR environment variable
git config --global core.pager less # or set the GIT_PAGER environment variable
# display an option value
git config group.value
git config user.name
Start a new repository and import:
# In the root folder to add to version control:
git init
git init --bare # creates a new repository (with no working copy)
git add . # add everything in directory to repo
git commit -m 'initial commit'
Making commits:
# commit specific files
git commit file1 file2 -m 'comment'
# commit all 'added' files
git commit -a -m 'comment'
# change a commit message
git commit --amend -m 'New Message'
Create new repository by cloning existing one:
git clone --bare . path_or_url_to_git_dir.git
Setting the remote repository (to push and pull from):
git remote add short_name path_or_url_to_git_dir.git
git remote add origin git://github.com/imagescape/iscape-authlog.git
Show remote repositories available:
git remote
git remote -v # show the url
git remote show origin # show detail information about origin
Remove a remote repository:
git remove repo_name
Rename a remote repository:
git rename old_repo_name new_repo_name
Push and Pull from remote repository:
git push origin # push recent commits to remote repository called "origin"
git pull origin # pull updates from origin
Revert changes in working copy:
git clean -n
git clean --dry-run
Show file differences:
git diff # show differences between working copy and any files staged for commit
git diff --staged # compares staged changes with last commit
git diff --cached # same as above for git older than 1.6.1
git difftool -t [meld|kdiff3|vimdiff|etc.] [diff criteria]
git difftool -t meld --staged
git difftool --tool=meld --staged
git difftool origin/master --dir-diff # use difftool to diff entire dir tree
git diff -U999999999 master.. -- file.txt # shows the full file.txt, with diff markup, in the master/branch diff results
git diff --name-status brancha..branchb # shows list of changed files
Show File/s History:
git log filename # Show single file versions
# Show number of lines changed in file/s
git log -stat filename # single file
git log -stat # multiple files
# show log summaries on one line
git log --pretty=oneline # Pre-defined format
git log --pretty=format:"%h - %cD (%an) %s" # custom format (see below)
git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" --graph
git log --graph --full-history --all --color \
--pretty=format:"%x1b[31m%h%x09%x1b[32m%d%x1b[0m%x20%s"
Pre-Defined Pretty formats:
oneline
short
medium
full
fuller
email
raw
format:string # where string is
Pre-Defined Pretty formats:
oneline
short
medium
full
fuller
raw
format:string # where string is
Format Strings
%H: commit hash
%h: abbreviated commit hash
%T: tree hash
%t: abbreviated tree hash
%P: parent hashes
%p: abbreviated parent hashes
%an: author name
%aN: author name (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%ae: author email
%aE: author email (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%ad: author date (format respects --date= option)
%aD: author date, RFC2822 style
%ar: author date, relative
%at: author date, UNIX timestamp
%ai: author date, ISO 8601 format
%cn: committer name
%cN: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%ce: committer email
%cE: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%cd: committer date
%cD: committer date, RFC2822 style
%cr: committer date, relative
%ct: committer date, UNIX timestamp
%ci: committer date, ISO 8601 format
%d: ref names, like the --decorate option of git-log(1)
%e: encoding
%s: subject
%f: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
%b: body
%B: raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
%N: commit notes
%gD: reflog selector, e.g., refs/stash@{1}
%gd: shortened reflog selector, e.g., stash@{1}
%gs: reflog subject
%Cred: switch color to red
%Cgreen: switch color to green
%Cblue: switch color to blue
%Creset: reset color
%C(…): color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
%m: left, right or boundary mark
%n: newline
%%: a raw %
%x00: print a byte from a hex code
%w([[,[,]]]): switch line wrapping, like the -w option of git-shortlog(1).
Show git branches available:
git branch
Show all branches including remote branches:
git branch -a
Create new branch:
git branch new_branch
Change branches:
git checkout new_branch
Delete branch:
git branch -d new_branch # delete only if all changes are merged
git branch -D new_branch # delete even if there are unmerged changes
Merge branch into current copy:
git merge --no-ff branch_to_merge_in
Resolve a Merge:
1) Edit file to resolve
2) git add conflict_file
3) git commit
Using Mergetool
git mergetool
git mergetool --tool=meld
git mergetool -t meld
Abort a merge conflict before committing:
git merge --abort
Undo a Merge: # restores state to pre-merge
git reset --heard HEAD
Undo a local commit:
git reset --soft HEAD^
Find the commit where two branches diverge:
git merge-base branch1 branch2
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1549146/find-common-ancestor-of-two-branches
Find what branches were merged into a given branch:
git branch --merged master # local branches only
git branch -a --merged master # local and remote branches
Find what branches were NOT merged into a given branch:
git branch --no-merged master # local branches only
git branch -a --no-merged master # local and remote branches
Find what branches are merged into develop, but not master:
comm -12 <(sort <(git branch -a --no-merged origin/master)) <(sort <(git branch -a --merged origin/develop))
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8071079/git-list-branches-merged-into-a-branch-but-not-into-another
Copy all branches from origin to new_remote:
git push new_remote refs/remotes/origin/*:refs/heads/*
Get number of commits per author
apt-get install git-extras
%H: commit hash
%h: abbreviated commit hash
%T: tree hash
%t: abbreviated tree hash
%P: parent hashes
%p: abbreviated parent hashes
%an: author name
%aN: author name (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%ae: author email
%aE: author email (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%ad: author date (format respects --date= option)
%aD: author date, RFC2822 style
%ar: author date, relative
%at: author date, UNIX timestamp
%ai: author date, ISO 8601 format
%cn: committer name
%cN: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%ce: committer email
%cE: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog(1) or git-blame(1))
%cd: committer date
%cD: committer date, RFC2822 style
%cr: committer date, relative
%ct: committer date, UNIX timestamp
%ci: committer date, ISO 8601 format
%d: ref names, like the --decorate option of git-log(1)
%e: encoding
%s: subject
%f: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
%b: body
%B: raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
%N: commit notes
%gD: reflog selector, e.g., refs/stash@{1}
%gd: shortened reflog selector, e.g., stash@{1}
%gs: reflog subject
%Cred: switch color to red
%Cgreen: switch color to green
%Cblue: switch color to blue
%Creset: reset color
%C(…): color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
%m: left, right or boundary mark
%n: newline
%%: a raw %
%x00: print a byte from a hex code
%w([[,[,]]]): switch line wrapping, like the -w option of git-shortlog(1).
Show git branches available:
git branch
Show all branches including remote branches:
git branch -a
Create new branch:
git branch new_branch
Change branches:
git checkout new_branch
Delete branch:
git branch -d new_branch # delete only if all changes are merged
git branch -D new_branch # delete even if there are unmerged changes
Merge branch into current copy:
git merge --no-ff branch_to_merge_in
Resolve a Merge:
1) Edit file to resolve
2) git add conflict_file
3) git commit
Using Mergetool
git mergetool
git mergetool --tool=meld
git mergetool -t meld
Abort a merge conflict before committing:
git merge --abort
Undo a Merge: # restores state to pre-merge
git reset --heard HEAD
Undo a local commit:
git reset --soft HEAD^
Find the commit where two branches diverge:
git merge-base branch1 branch2
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1549146/find-common-ancestor-of-two-branches
Find what branches were merged into a given branch:
git branch --merged master # local branches only
git branch -a --merged master # local and remote branches
Find what branches were NOT merged into a given branch:
git branch --no-merged master # local branches only
git branch -a --no-merged master # local and remote branches
Find what branches are merged into develop, but not master:
comm -12 <(sort <(git branch -a --no-merged origin/master)) <(sort <(git branch -a --merged origin/develop))
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8071079/git-list-branches-merged-into-a-branch-but-not-into-another
Copy all branches from origin to new_remote:
git push new_remote refs/remotes/origin/*:refs/heads/*
Get number of commits per author
apt-get install git-extras
git summary -n
References:
http://jonas.nitro.dk/git/quick-reference.html
http://www.vogella.de/articles/Git/article.html#git_stagingindex
http://book.git-scm.com/3_basic_branching_and_merging.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838873/visualizing-branch-topology-in-git
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/226976/how-can-i-know-in-git-if-a-branch-has-been-already-merged-into-master
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7818927/git-push-branch-from-one-remote-to-another
References:
http://jonas.nitro.dk/git/quick-reference.html
http://www.vogella.de/articles/Git/article.html#git_stagingindex
http://book.git-scm.com/3_basic_branching_and_merging.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1838873/visualizing-branch-topology-in-git
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/226976/how-can-i-know-in-git-if-a-branch-has-been-already-merged-into-master
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7818927/git-push-branch-from-one-remote-to-another
Sunday, May 15, 2011
Python Process Info
Pipe the output of one process into the input of another via python:
import subprocess
p1 = subprocess.Popen(['echo','joe'], shell=False, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p2 = subprocess.Popen(['cat','-n'],
stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
p2.stdout.read()
import subprocess
p1 = subprocess.Popen(['echo','joe'], shell=False, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p2 = subprocess.Popen(['cat','-n'],
stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
p2.stdout.read()
# Or
out,err=p2.communicate()
Pipe standard input to a program
import subprocess
p1 = subprocess.Popen(['node', 'index.js'], shell=False,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p1.communicate('standard input here')
p1.returncode
Convenience method for splitting apart shell commands for use in the above:
>>> import shlex
>>> shlex.split('ps -ef')
['ps', '-ef']
out,err=p2.communicate()
Pipe standard input to a program
import subprocess
p1 = subprocess.Popen(['node', 'index.js'], shell=False,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p1.communicate('standard input here')
p1.returncode
Convenience method for splitting apart shell commands for use in the above:
>>> import shlex
>>> shlex.split('ps -ef')
['ps', '-ef']
Common Open ID Urls
Taken From http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1116743/where-can-i-find-a-list-of-openid-provider-urls
Google https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/id
Yahoo https://me.yahoo.com
Flickr http://www.flickr.com/username
AOL http://openid.aol.com/username
Blogspot https://www.blogspot.com/
LiveJournal http://username.livejournal.com/
Wordpress https://username.wordpress.com/
VerisignLabs https://pip.verisignlabs.com/
MyOpenID https://www.myopenid.com/
MyVidoop https://myvidoop.com/
ClaimID https://claimid.com/username
Technorati https://technorati.com/people/technorati/username/
Google https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/id
Yahoo https://me.yahoo.com
Flickr http://www.flickr.com/username
AOL http://openid.aol.com/username
Blogspot https://www.blogspot.com/
LiveJournal http://username.livejournal.com/
Wordpress https://username.wordpress.com/
VerisignLabs https://pip.verisignlabs.com/
MyOpenID https://www.myopenid.com/
MyVidoop https://myvidoop.com/
ClaimID https://claimid.com/username
Technorati https://technorati.com/people/technorati/username/
Tuesday, May 03, 2011
SVN List Codes
Codes Displayed when doing an "svn stat"
U = Working file was updated
G = Changes on the repository were automatically merged into the working copy
M = Working Copy is modified
C = This file conflicts with the version in the repo
? = This file is not under version control
! = This file is under version control but is missing or incomplete
A = This file will be added to version control after commit
A+ = This file will be moved after commit
D = This file will be deleted after commit
I = This item is being ignored (due to the svn:ignore porperty)
L = This file is locked
X = Item is unversioned, but used by an externals definition
~ = Messed up item (file when it should be dir). resolve by moving and doing "svn up"
http://knaddison.com/technology/svn-status-code-cheat-sheet
U = Working file was updated
G = Changes on the repository were automatically merged into the working copy
M = Working Copy is modified
C = This file conflicts with the version in the repo
? = This file is not under version control
! = This file is under version control but is missing or incomplete
A = This file will be added to version control after commit
A+ = This file will be moved after commit
D = This file will be deleted after commit
I = This item is being ignored (due to the svn:ignore porperty)
L = This file is locked
X = Item is unversioned, but used by an externals definition
~ = Messed up item (file when it should be dir). resolve by moving and doing "svn up"
http://knaddison.com/technology/svn-status-code-cheat-sheet
Tuesday, April 26, 2011
Whoosh Python Search Notes
Baisc Whoosh Search Walkthrough
# Import required
import os
from whoosh.index import create_in
from whoosh.fields import *
# Create a "Schema" object to store text to search
# You can create custom search fields such as "title", "domain", "path"
# and "content".
schema = Schema(title=TEXT(stored=True), domain=ID(stored=True),
path=ID(stored=True), content=TEXT)
# Check to see if a search index directory exists; if not, create one
if not os.path.exists("search_test"):
os.mkdir("search_test")
# Create a search index in the search index directory
ix = create_in("search_test", schema, indexname="testindex")
writer = ix.writer()
# Index some documents
writer.add_document(title=u"Document 1", domain=u"www.mysearch.com",
path=u"/mywebsite", content=u'Article')
writer.add_document(title=u"Document 2", domain=u"www.mysearch.com",
path=u"/mywebsite/2/article/1", content=u'Document a')
writer.commit()
# Running search queries
from whoosh.qparser import QueryParser
import whoosh.index as index
# Check to see if the given search index exists
if index.exists_in("search_test", indexname="testindex"):
# open the search index
ix = index.open_dir("search_test", indexname="testindex")
# generate a search query based on some string.
# Here is creates a query looking for "Document" in the "content"
# search index field.
query = QueryParser("content", ix.schema).parse(u'*Document*')
with ix.searcher() as searcher:
# do the actual search
results = searcher.search(query)
results
# Running search queries
from whoosh.qparser import QueryParser
import whoosh.index as index
if index.exists_in("search_test", indexname="testindex"):
ix = index.open_dir("search_test", indexname="testindex"))
query = QueryParser("domain", ix.schema).parse(u'www.mydomain.com')
with ix.searcher() as searcher:
results = searcher.search(query)
results
# Running search queries
from whoosh.qparser import QueryParser, MultifieldParser
import whoosh.index as index
from whoosh.query import *
if index.exists_in("search_test", indexname="testindex"):
ix = index.open_dir("search_test")
query = MultifieldParser(["domain","title","content"], schema=ix.schema).parse(u"Document OR Article")
with ix.searcher() as searcher:
results = searcher.search(query)
results
# Import required
import os
from whoosh.index import create_in
from whoosh.fields import *
# Create a "Schema" object to store text to search
# You can create custom search fields such as "title", "domain", "path"
# and "content".
schema = Schema(title=TEXT(stored=True), domain=ID(stored=True),
path=ID(stored=True), content=TEXT)
# Check to see if a search index directory exists; if not, create one
if not os.path.exists("search_test"):
os.mkdir("search_test")
# Create a search index in the search index directory
ix = create_in("search_test", schema, indexname="testindex")
writer = ix.writer()
# Index some documents
writer.add_document(title=u"Document 1", domain=u"www.mysearch.com",
path=u"/mywebsite", content=u'Article')
writer.add_document(title=u"Document 2", domain=u"www.mysearch.com",
path=u"/mywebsite/2/article/1", content=u'Document a')
writer.commit()
# Running search queries
from whoosh.qparser import QueryParser
import whoosh.index as index
# Check to see if the given search index exists
if index.exists_in("search_test", indexname="testindex"):
# open the search index
ix = index.open_dir("search_test", indexname="testindex")
# generate a search query based on some string.
# Here is creates a query looking for "Document" in the "content"
# search index field.
query = QueryParser("content", ix.schema).parse(u'*Document*')
with ix.searcher() as searcher:
# do the actual search
results = searcher.search(query)
results
# Running search queries
from whoosh.qparser import QueryParser
import whoosh.index as index
if index.exists_in("search_test", indexname="testindex"):
ix = index.open_dir("search_test", indexname="testindex"))
query = QueryParser("domain", ix.schema).parse(u'www.mydomain.com')
with ix.searcher() as searcher:
results = searcher.search(query)
results
# Running search queries
from whoosh.qparser import QueryParser, MultifieldParser
import whoosh.index as index
from whoosh.query import *
if index.exists_in("search_test", indexname="testindex"):
ix = index.open_dir("search_test")
query = MultifieldParser(["domain","title","content"], schema=ix.schema).parse(u"Document OR Article")
with ix.searcher() as searcher:
results = searcher.search(query)
results
Different way to alter a Postgres table
Alter Postgres Tables via metadata
(Thanks Louis R.)
select atttypmod from pg_attribute where attrelid = 'TABLE1'::regclass and attname = 'title';
# then
update pg_attribute set atttypmod = 200+4 where attrelid = 'TABLE1'::regclass and attname = 'title';
http://sniptools.com/databases/resize-a-column-in-a-postgresql-table-without-changing-data
(Thanks Louis R.)
select atttypmod from pg_attribute where attrelid = 'TABLE1'::regclass and attname = 'title';
# then
update pg_attribute set atttypmod = 200+4 where attrelid = 'TABLE1'::regclass and attname = 'title';
http://sniptools.com/databases/resize-a-column-in-a-postgresql-table-without-changing-data
Thursday, April 21, 2011
Quick Setup Instructions for SVN Compile and Local Install
Steps to make a custom build of SVN and place it in non-system directory.
Make a place to store the new copy:
mkdir -p /home/myuser/customsvn/src/
cd /home/myuser/customsvn/src/
Download from Apache Subversion; place in local install src directory:
ls -la /home/myuser/customsvn/src/
subversion-1.6.xx.tar.bz2
subversion-deps-1.6.xx.tar.bz2
Untar subversion then subversion-deps:
tar -jxvf subversion-1.6.xx.tar.bz2
tar -jxvf subversion-deps-1.6.xx.tar.bz2
Configure Command (Configure without Apache stuff):
./configure --prefix=/home/myuser/customsvn/bin/svn/ --with-apxs=no --disable-mod-activation --with-serf=no --with-berkeley-db=no | tee configure.jjj.log
make | tee make.jjj.log
make install | tee make_install.jjj.log
Make a place to store the new copy:
mkdir -p /home/myuser/customsvn/src/
cd /home/myuser/customsvn/src/
Download from Apache Subversion; place in local install src directory:
ls -la /home/myuser/customsvn/src/
subversion-1.6.xx.tar.bz2
subversion-deps-1.6.xx.tar.bz2
Untar subversion then subversion-deps:
tar -jxvf subversion-1.6.xx.tar.bz2
tar -jxvf subversion-deps-1.6.xx.tar.bz2
Configure Command (Configure without Apache stuff):
./configure --prefix=/home/myuser/customsvn/bin/svn/ --with-apxs=no --disable-mod-activation --with-serf=no --with-berkeley-db=no | tee configure.jjj.log
make | tee make.jjj.log
make install | tee make_install.jjj.log
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
SVN Merging For Version 1.4-
Merging for svn 1.4- is a bit different than for newer versions.
This is what I have found that works for merging a trunk to a branch:
svn merge \
svn+ssh://svn.example.com/repo/myproject/branches/newbranch@HEAD \
svn+ssh://svn.example.com/repo/myproject/trunk@HEAD \
/sites/myproject/src/myproject-workingcopy
*NOTE: seems weird that the trunk is the argument after the branch, but my trunk changes weren't being merged in when I did it the other way.
It seems that with svn version pre 1.4, you must specify the version where your branch was last copied or merged from. If your branch was created at version 234, then the following command would merge it.
svn merge --dry-run \
svn+ssh://svn.example.com/export/myproject/branches/newbranchh@234 \
svn+ssh://svn.example.com/export/myproject/trunk/@HEAD .
http://www.svnforum.org/threads/38394-1.4-merge
This is what I have found that works for merging a trunk to a branch:
It seems that with svn version pre 1.4, you must specify the version where your branch was last copied or merged from. If your branch was created at version 234, then the following command would merge it.
svn merge --dry-run \
svn+ssh://svn.example.com/export/myproject/branches/newbranchh@234 \
svn+ssh://svn.example.com/export/myproject/trunk/@HEAD .
http://www.svnforum.org/threads/38394-1.4-merge
Friday, April 15, 2011
Django Content Type Quick Reference
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
# Get the content type for a given model
ct = ContentType.objects.get(app_label="myapp", model="mymodel")
# or
ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(MyModel)
# Get the class associated with the content type
model_cls = ct.model_class()
# Filter the queryset as normal
queryset = model_cls.objects.filter()
# Get a specific object instance given a content type
ct.get_object_for_this_type(username='Guido')
http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/contenttypes/
ct = ContentType.objects.get(app_label="myapp", model="mymodel")
# or
ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(MyModel)
# Get the class associated with the content type
model_cls = ct.model_class()
# Filter the queryset as normal
queryset = model_cls.objects.filter()
# Get a specific object instance given a content type
ct.get_object_for_this_type(username='Guido')
http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/contenttypes/
Wednesday, April 13, 2011
Cool Python Modules
String Similarity
google-diff-match-patch - The Diff Match and Patch libraries offer robust algorithms to perform the operations required for synchronizing plain text.
pylevenshtein - Levenshtein (edit) distance, and edit operations, string similarity...
difflib - classes and functions for comparing sequences
http://docs.python.org/library/difflib.html
Database Tools
uuid - Python built-in module for creating unique ids
http://docs.python.org/library/uuid.html
django-command-extensions: UUIDField - uuid field distributed with django-comamnd-extensions.
http://code.google.com/p/django-command-extensions/
django-uuidfield - stand-alone Django UUIDField implementation.
https://github.com/dcramer/django-uuidfield
System Tools
Imp - get python internals
http://docs.python.org/library/imp.html
Django Tools
AutoSlugify - automate slug field
http://packages.python.org/django-autoslug/
Database Tools
uuid - Python built-in module for creating unique ids
http://docs.python.org/library/uuid.html
django-command-extensions: UUIDField - uuid field distributed with django-comamnd-extensions.
http://code.google.com/p/django-command-extensions/
django-uuidfield - stand-alone Django UUIDField implementation.
https://github.com/dcramer/django-uuidfield
System Tools
Imp - get python internals
http://docs.python.org/library/imp.html
Django Tools
AutoSlugify - automate slug field
http://packages.python.org/django-autoslug/
Postgresql Sequences
Create a new sequence:
CREATE SEQUENCE mytable_myid_seq;
Add the sequence as the incrementor for a table column:
ALTER TABLE mytable
ALTER COLUMN myid
SET DEFAULT NEXTVAL('mytable_myid_seq');
Update existing rows in table with the sequence:
UPDATE mytable
SET myid = NEXTVAL('mytable_myid_seq');
Display the sequence information:
Select * from mytable_myid_seq;
Update a sequence to be one greater than a table's id column:
select setval('mytable_myid_seq', (select max(id) + 1 from mytable));
http://railspikes.com/2009/3/6/duplicate-key-violates-unique-constraint (thanks Louis)
http://pointbeing.net/weblog/2008/03/mysql-versus-postgresql-adding-an-auto-increment-column-to-a-table.html
CREATE SEQUENCE mytable_myid_seq;
Add the sequence as the incrementor for a table column:
ALTER TABLE mytable
ALTER COLUMN myid
SET DEFAULT NEXTVAL('mytable_myid_seq');
Update existing rows in table with the sequence:
UPDATE mytable
SET myid = NEXTVAL('mytable_myid_seq');
Display the sequence information:
Select * from mytable_myid_seq;
Update a sequence to be one greater than a table's id column:
select setval('mytable_myid_seq', (select max(id) + 1 from mytable));
http://railspikes.com/2009/3/6/duplicate-key-violates-unique-constraint (thanks Louis)
http://pointbeing.net/weblog/2008/03/mysql-versus-postgresql-adding-an-auto-increment-column-to-a-table.html
Friday, April 01, 2011
Django News/Code At www.djangocurrent.com
I've created a more formal blog called www.djangocurrent.com, focused around Django. I'll continue to post code snippets and information on this site, but will additionally post more formal write-ups at djangocurrent.com. Check it out!
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
Pretty Print XML with Python
Pretty Print XML
import xml.dom.minidom
# Read XML from File
xml = xml.dom.minidom.parse(xml_filename)
# Read XML from String
xml = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(xml_string)
Friday, February 25, 2011
Find Open Ports
Find open ports on local Linux machine:
sudo netstat -lnptu
sudo netstat -lnptu
http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/security/list-open-ports-and-listening-services/443
Sunday, January 30, 2011
Django Testing Views
Setting up the example:
--- views.py -------------------------------------
# define a view for testing
def index(request, template_name=''):
context = {'things':MyThing.objects.all(),}
return render_to_response(
template_name,
context, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
--- urls.py ---------------------------------------
# define a url for testing
urlpatterns = patterns('',
...
url('^$', 'core.views.index',
{'template_name': 'someindex.html'},
name="index"),
)
Testing from a Dango shell:
import django
from django.test.client import Client
django.test.utils.setup_test_environment() # needed to see response context
client = Client()
response = client.get('/')
response.context[-1]['things']
Testing in a test.py file:
class SimpleTest(TestCase):
def test_view_list(self):
resp = self.client.get(reverse('some_named_url'))
self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 200)
self.assertTrue('somevar' in resp.context[-1])
--- views.py -------------------------------------
# define a view for testing
def index(request, template_name=''):
context = {'things':MyThing.objects.all(),}
return render_to_response(
template_name,
context, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
--- urls.py ---------------------------------------
# define a url for testing
urlpatterns = patterns('',
...
url('^$', 'core.views.index',
{'template_name': 'someindex.html'},
name="index"),
)
Testing from a Dango shell:
import django
from django.test.client import Client
django.test.utils.setup_test_environment() # needed to see response context
client = Client()
response = client.get('/')
response.context[-1]['things']
# we now have access to the response context and can use this
# test code in a unittest tests.py file. (not yet shown)
Testing in a test.py file:
class SimpleTest(TestCase):
def test_view_list(self):
resp = self.client.get(reverse('some_named_url'))
self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 200)
self.assertTrue('somevar' in resp.context[-1])
http://ericholscher.com/blog/2008/nov/11/practical-examples-test-django/
Thursday, January 06, 2011
Favorite Plugins
Firefox Plugins for Web Development
- ColorZilla # color picker
- Firebug # CSS / HTML / JS debugger
- Firecookie # cookie info for firebug
- JSONView # Pretty JSON viewer
- RESTClient # GET and POST to restful interfaces
- Selenium IDE # Create tests you can replay in the browser
- Tamper Data # Allow one to tamper with headers and POST vars the client sends
- View Source Chart # Pretty HTML viewer
- Web Developer # Web developer tools
- GMarks # google bookmars sync
- LIVE HTTP headers # view http headers
- SQLite Manager # manage SQLite db files
- YSlow # Yahoo performance tool
- SearchStatus # find website rankings
Thunderbird Plugins for Google Sync
- Lightening # Calendar plugin
- google_contacts # sync google contacts
- CalDev sync google calendar # http://www.google.com/support/calendar/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=99358
Eclipse Plugins
- Pydev # python web development
- Subclipse # subversion for eclipse
- Egit # git plugin for eclipse
- m2eclipse # maven plugin for Java package management
- IndentGuide # nice guidelines for code indenting http://atlanto.github.io/IndentGuide/
- ColorZilla # color picker
- Firebug # CSS / HTML / JS debugger
- Firecookie # cookie info for firebug
- JSONView # Pretty JSON viewer
- RESTClient # GET and POST to restful interfaces
- Selenium IDE # Create tests you can replay in the browser
- Tamper Data # Allow one to tamper with headers and POST vars the client sends
- View Source Chart # Pretty HTML viewer
- Web Developer # Web developer tools
- GMarks # google bookmars sync
- LIVE HTTP headers # view http headers
- SQLite Manager # manage SQLite db files
- YSlow # Yahoo performance tool
- SearchStatus # find website rankings
Thunderbird Plugins for Google Sync
- Lightening # Calendar plugin
- google_contacts # sync google contacts
- CalDev sync google calendar # http://www.google.com/support/calendar/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=99358
Eclipse Plugins
- Pydev # python web development
- Subclipse # subversion for eclipse
- Egit # git plugin for eclipse
- m2eclipse # maven plugin for Java package management
- IndentGuide # nice guidelines for code indenting http://atlanto.github.io/IndentGuide/
Wednesday, January 05, 2011
Python Date Operations
Get current time:
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2011, 1, 12)
>>> datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 12, 20, 36, 21, 430985)
Adding time and timedelta:
>>> datetime.timedelta(hours=7) + datetime.datetime(2011,1,1)
datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 1, 7, 0)
>>> datetime.timedelta(days=50) + datetime.date(2011,1,1)
datetime.date(2011, 2, 20)
Subtracting dates:
>>> datetime.date(2011,1,2) - datetime.date(2011,1,1)
datetime.timedelta(1)
Convert date and time into datetime:
>>> import datetime
>>> d = datetime.date(2010,01,05)
>>> t = datetime.time(10,25)
Convert datetime to date:
Add one day to a date:
>>> dt = datetime.datetime(2011,01,05,12,00)
>>> delta = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
Number of days in a month:
>>> import calendar
>>> calendar.monthrange(2011,1)
(5, 31)
Timezone
from pytz import timezone as tz
localtz = tz('US/Central')
#dt_aware = localtz.localize(dt_unaware)
dt_unaware.replace(tzinfo=localtz)
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2011, 1, 12)
>>> datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 12, 20, 36, 21, 430985)
Adding time and timedelta:
>>> datetime.timedelta(hours=7) + datetime.datetime(2011,1,1)
datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 1, 7, 0)
>>> datetime.timedelta(days=50) + datetime.date(2011,1,1)
datetime.date(2011, 2, 20)
Subtracting dates:
>>> datetime.date(2011,1,2) - datetime.date(2011,1,1)
datetime.timedelta(1)
Convert date and time into datetime:
>>> import datetime
>>> d = datetime.date(2010,01,05)
>>> t = datetime.time(10,25)
>>>datetime.datetime.combine(d,t)
datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 5, 10, 25)
Convert String to datetime:
>>> datetime.datetime.strptime("2011-01-05","%Y-%m-%d")
datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 5, 0, 0)
Convert datetime to individual components:
>>> dt = datetime.datetime(2011,01,05,12,00)
>>> (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour, dt.minute)
(2011, 1, 5, 12, 0)
Convert datetime to date:
>>> dt = datetime.datetime(2011,01,05,12,00)
>>> dt.date()
datetime.date(2011, 1, 5)
Add one day to a date:
>>> dt = datetime.datetime(2011,01,05,12,00)
>>> delta = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
>>> dt + delta
datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 6, 12, 0)
>>> import calendar
>>> calendar.monthrange(2011,1)
(5, 31)
Timezone
from pytz import timezone as tz
localtz = tz('US/Central')
#dt_aware = localtz.localize(dt_unaware)
dt_unaware.replace(tzinfo=localtz)
more to come...
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